Burnout assessment in nurses from a general emergency service / Evaluación del burnout en enfermeros de un servicio de urgencia general / Avaliação do burnout em enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência geral

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of Burnout among nurses in a general emergency department. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. 32 nurses from a general adult emergency department answered a questionnaire to evaluate Burnout. (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). Result: It was verified that 59.4% of the nurses presented total Burnout. Work-related burnout was the subscale with the highest average score. It was found that the lower the age and the longer the time working in the institution, the higher the level of Burnout. Longer professional experience was related to lower levels of Burnout. There were also higher scores of Burnout among participants who thought about changing their profession, their institution or their service. Conclusion: The prevalence of Burnout is high. Professional Burnout was the most critical subscale. Age and the current work are the subscales that most influence perceived Burnout

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de Burnout de los enfermeros de un servicio de urgencia general. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Participaron 32 enfermeros de un servicio de urgencia general de adultos que respondieron a un cuestionario para evaluar el Burnout. (Copenhague Burnout Inventory). Resultados: Se verificó que el 59,4% de los enfermeros estaban en Burnout Total, siendo el Burnout relacionado con el trabajo, la dimensión con valor más elevado. Se ha comprobado que cuanto menor es la edad, cuanto más tiempo en la institución, mayor es el nivel de Burnout. Cuanto más tiempo de ejercicio profesional, menor el Burnout. Se verificaron aún valores más elevados de Burnout en los participantes que piensan en cambiar de profesión, en los que piensan en cambiar de institución y cambiar de servicio. Conclusión: La prevalencia de Burnout es elevada. El Burnout profesional es la dimensión más perjudicial. La edad y el contexto de ejercicio son las dimensiones que más influyen la percepción de Burnout.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de Burnout dos enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência geral. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e transversal. Participaram 32 enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência geral de adultos que responderam a um questionário para avaliar o Burnout. (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). Resultados: Verificou-se que 59,4% dos enfermeiros estavam em Burnout Total, sendo o Burnout relacionado com o trabalho, a dimensão com valor mais elevado. Apurou-se que quanto menor a idade, quanto mais tempo na instituição, maior o nível de Burnout. Quanto mais tempo de exercício profissional, menor o Burnout. Verificou-se ainda valores mais elevados de Burnout nos participantes que pensam em mudar de profissão, nos que pensam em mudar de instituição e mudar de serviço. Conclusão: A prevalência de Burnout é elevada. O Burnout profissional é a dimensão mais prejudicada. A idade e o contexto de exercício são as dimensões que mais influenciam a perceção de Burnout.

Burnout assessment in nurses from a general emergency service.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of Burnout among nurses in a general emergency department. METHOD: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study. 32 nurses from a general adult emergency department answered a questionnaire to evaluate Burnout. (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory). RESULT: It was verified that 59.4% of the nurses presented total Burnout. Work-related burnout was the subscale with the highest average score. It was found that the lower the age and the longer the time working in the institution, the higher the level of Burnout. Longer professional experience was related to lower levels of Burnout. There were also higher scores of Burnout among participants who thought about changing their profession, their institution or their service. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Burnout is high. Professional Burnout was the most critical subscale. Age and the current work are the subscales that most influence perceived Burnout.

Geriatric care: ways and means of providing comfort.

OBJECTIVE:: To know the ways and means of comfort perceived by the older adults hospitalized in a medical service. METHOD:: Ethnographic study with a qualitative approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 older adults and participant observation of care situations. RESULTS:: The ways and means of providing comfort are centered on strategies for promoting care mobilized by nurses and recognized by patients(clarifying/informing, positive interaction/communication, music therapy, touch, smile, unconditional presence, empathy/proximity relationship, integrating the older adult or the family as partner in the care, relief of discomfort through massage/mobilization/therapy) and on particular moments of comfort (the first contact, the moment of personal hygiene, and the visit of the family), which constitute the foundation of care/comfort. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS:: Geriatric care is built on the relationship that is established and complete with meaning, and is based on the meeting/interaction between the actors under the influence of the context in which they are inserted. The different ways and means of providing comfort aim to facilitate/increase care, relieve discomfort and/or invest in potential comfort. OBJETIVO:: Conhecer os modos e formas de confortar percecionadas pelos idosos hospitalizados num serviço de medicina. MÉTODO:: Estudo etnográfico com abordagem qualitativa. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 22 doentes idosos e observação participante nas situações de cuidados. RESULTADOS:: Os modos e formas de confortar centram-se em estratégias promotoras de conforto mobilizadas pelo enfermeiro e reconhecidas pelos doentes (informação/esclarecimento, interação/comunicação positiva, toque, sorriso, presença incondicional, integração do idoso/família nos cuidados e o alívio de desconfortos através da massagem/mobilização/terapêutica) e em momentos particulares de conforto (contato inaugural, visita da família., cuidados de higiene e arranjo pessoal), que se constituem como alicerces do cuidar/cuidado confortador. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS:: O cuidado geriátrico edifica-se na relação que se desenvolve, atribuída de sentido, e assenta-se num encontro/interação entre os atores sob influência do contexto em que está inserido. Os diferentes modos e formas de confortar objetivam facilitar/aumentar o conforto, aliviar o desconforto e/ou investir no conforto potencial.

Geriatric care: ways and means of providing comfort / El cuidado geriátrico: maneras y formas de confort / O cuidado geriátrico: modos e formas de confortar

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the ways and means of comfort perceived by the older adults hospitalized in a medical service. Method: Ethnographic study with a qualitative approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 older adults and participant observation of care situations. Results: The ways and means of providing comfort are centered on strategies for promoting care mobilized by nurses and recognized by patients(clarifying/informing, positive interaction/communication, music therapy, touch, smile, unconditional presence, empathy/proximity relationship, integrating the older adult or the family as partner in the care, relief of discomfort through massage/mobilization/therapy) and on particular moments of comfort (the first contact, the moment of personal hygiene, and the visit of the family), which constitute the foundation of care/comfort. Final considerations: Geriatric care is built on the relationship that is established and complete with meaning, and is based on the meeting/interaction between the actors under the influence of the context in which they are inserted. The different ways and means of providing comfort aim to facilitate/increase care, relieve discomfort and/or invest in potential comfort.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer los modos y las formas de confortar percibidas por adultos mayores hospitalizados en un centro hospitalario. Método: Se trata de un estudio etnográfico de abordaje cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas entre 22 mayores enfermos con observación participante en las situaciones de cuidados. Resultados: Las maneras y formas de consolar se concentran en estrategias promotoras de conforto movilizadas por el enfermero y reconocidas por los enfermos (información/aclaración, interacción/comunicación positiva, toque, sonrisa, presencia incondicional, integración del adulto mayor/familia en los cuidados y el alivio de malestares mediante masaje/movilización/terapéutica) en momentos particulares de conforto (primer contacto, visita de la familia, aseo y cuidados personales), que se constituyen en la base del cuidar/cuidado confortador. Consideraciones finales: El cuidado geriátrico se cimenta en la relación edificada con sentido y se fortalece durante el encuentro/interacción entre los actores en el contexto en que están insertados. Las diferentes maneras y formas de confortar tienen como objetivo facilitar/aumentar el consuelo, aliviar el malestar y/o invertir en el cuidado prolífico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer os modos e formas de confortar percecionadas pelos idosos hospitalizados num serviço de medicina. Método: Estudo etnográfico com abordagem qualitativa. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 22 doentes idosos e observação participante nas situações de cuidados. Resultados: Os modos e formas de confortar centram-se em estratégias promotoras de conforto mobilizadas pelo enfermeiro e reconhecidas pelos doentes (informação/esclarecimento, interação/comunicação positiva, toque, sorriso, presença incondicional, integração do idoso/família nos cuidados e o alívio de desconfortos através da massagem/mobilização/terapêutica) e em momentos particulares de conforto (contato inaugural, visita da família., cuidados de higiene e arranjo pessoal), que se constituem como alicerces do cuidar/cuidado confortador. Considerações finais: O cuidado geriátrico edifica-se na relação que se desenvolve, atribuída de sentido, e assenta-se num encontro/interação entre os atores sob influência do contexto em que está inserido. Os diferentes modos e formas de confortar objetivam facilitar/aumentar o conforto, aliviar o desconforto e/ou investir no conforto potencial.

[The chronic patient's suffering: review of the literature (2000-2006)]. / O Sofrimento do doente crónico: revisão de literatura (2000-2006).

This article is the report of a literature review (LR), focused on the theme of patient suffering resulting from a situation ofchronic disease. This LR intends to identify studies that aim to understand suffering of patients who experience a situation ofchronic disease, namely renal disease and its dependence on a treatment for life haemodialysis, as well as to reveal essential aspects of the literature. Studies directly related to the phenomenon of suffering of patients living with dialysis were not found within national context and scarce within international context. The research considered the period of 2000 to 2006, having identified only two studies which results were analysed and summarized. Through literature analysis we can point out that suffering experiences may include a serious disease that changes a person's life and relationships. Chronic renal patients were considered as a differentiated group who presents certain specificity within its own context. This reality has a singular impact on each person and difficulties faced by the patient are most diverse. To identify what may cause suffering of the patient experiencing not only a chronic disease, but also the need of ambulatory life depending treatment, and to understand changes due to suffering are very important aspects in the literature. Also to be noted is a growing concern with this subject by the health professionals, aiming to know better that phenomenon, in order to help and comfort those who are suffering. Furthermore, knowledge on how suffering is expressed in life experience of chronic renal disease depending on haemodialysis is insufficient, studies being thus justified.